Immunology Pathways- Type-I Interferon Signaling

Immunology Pathways- Type-I Interferon Signaling

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Introduction to Type-I Interferon Signaling

Interferons were originally discovered as antiviral factors, but later studies showed they are secreted in response to many different pathogens, including bacteria and fungi.

Type I IFNs are responsible for inducing transcription of a large group of genes which play a role in host resistance to viral infections, as well as activating key components of the innate and adaptive immune systems including antigen presentation and production of cytokines involved in activation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.

Type I Interferons (IFNs) activate intercellur antimicrobial signaling cascades and have an effect on the development of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Canonical type I IFN signaling activates the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, leading to transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Pathogen, host and environmental factors regulate the responses of cells to this signaling pathway and therefore calibrate host defences as well as limiting tissue damage and preventing auto immunity.

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